Relationship Between Dominant Substrate and Gastropod Abundance and Distribution in the Coastal Area of Tarakan Island
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Coastal ecosystems are subject to ecological pressures that may alter the physical characteristics of benthic substrates. This study aimed to identify the dominant substrate types and analyze their correlation with the distribution patterns and abundance of gastropods along the coast of Tarakan Island. The study was conducted in the mangrove areas of Tarakan Island across four stations, with fieldwork taking place from September to October 2026. Sampling was conducted at four stations using a transect method with 1 × 1 m plots. Data were analyzed using the Morisita Index, One-Way ANOVA, Spearman Correlation, and Fisher’s Exact Test. The results recorded 20 gastropod species, with distribution patterns generally exhibiting a clumped distribution. Substrate characteristics across all sites were predominantly composed of fine-grained sediments (silt fraction), forming silty loam and silty clay loam texture classes. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences in gastropod abundance among stations and no significant relationship between sediment fractions and either gastropod abundance or distribution patterns (p > 0.05). The homogeneous substrate conditions across the study sites did not promote significant niche differentiation; therefore, biological and behavioral factors likely played a more dominant role in determining the spatial distribution of gastropods.
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